Türk bankacılığı’nın dönüşümü: 2001 krizi öncesi neoliberal dönemin geriye dönük finansal bir değerlendirmesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2018
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Türk Bankacılığı, teknik faaliyetleri ve finansal durumu bakımından 24 Ocak Kararları olarak bilinen standard IMF yapısal
uyum ve istikrar programı sonrasında önemli bir dönüşüm geçirmiştir. Nitekim 1990’lara kadar denetimli bir esneklik rejimi
içinde olan Türk Bankacılık Sistemi, ulusal ekonomi yapısal kaynak yetersizliği sorununu içsel dinamiklerle aşamadığı için
1990’lardan sonra yabancı piyasalara yönelmiş ve fakat bu durum bankaları açık pozisyonda döviz tutmaya zorlamıştır. Bu
arada, kamunun kalıcı bütçe açığı sorununu bankaların elindeki ödünç verilebilir fonları borç alarak çözmeyi seçmesi menkul
değer gelirlerini bankacılıkta kârlılığın ana sürükleyicisi durumuna getirmiş, öte yandan sanayide göreli getirilerin düşmesi
dolayısıyla finansal hizmetler kesimine yönelen fon sahipleri holdingleşerek başat endüstriyel güç olmuş, hem kârlılığı düşen
sınaî faaliyetlerin riskinden korunmak ve hem de borçlanma senetlerinden büyük faizleri kendilerine çekmek için bir banka
sahibi olmaya girişerek malî sermaye-sınaî sermaye bütünleşmesinin derinleşmesine neden olmuştur. 1980’e kadar geri giden
neo-liberal dönem, özellikle (1998-2001) aralığında yaşanan ekonomik ve finansal sistemik dalgalanmalar dolayısıyla
bankacılık endüstrisinde birbirini izleyen iflas, tasfiye, temerrüt ve finansal yeniden yapılanmalar ile sonuçlanmıştır.
Following the uniform IMF structural adjustment and stability program known as the 24 January 1980 Decisions, the Turkish banking has undergone a significant transformation with respect to its technical operations and financial position. As a matter of fact, since the national economy failed to overcome the problem of structural capital scarcity with its own internal dynamics, the Turkish Banking System, which was under a regime of managed flexibility until the 1990’s, has then turned towards foreign markets in the post-1990’s, but this phenomenon has forced banks to hold open positions in their foreign currency accounts. In the meantime, the choice of government for resolving the long-lasting budget deficit problem by borrowing banks’ loanable funds has made incomes from marketable securities into the main driver of the profitability in the banking system; on the other hand, the fund holders heading towards the financial services sector due to the diminishing rate of returns in the industry have become a dominant industrial power by organizing as conglomerates, and caused the integration of the finance-capital with the industry-capital to be deepened by attempting to own a bank in order to both be protected from the overall risk of their industrial operations and to attract greater amounts of interests on debt securities. Ultimately, following economic and financial systemic fluctuations experienced especially in the (1998-2001) time interval, the neo-liberal period dated back to 1980 has ended up with serial bankruptcies, liquidations, defaults and financial restructurings in the banking industry.
Following the uniform IMF structural adjustment and stability program known as the 24 January 1980 Decisions, the Turkish banking has undergone a significant transformation with respect to its technical operations and financial position. As a matter of fact, since the national economy failed to overcome the problem of structural capital scarcity with its own internal dynamics, the Turkish Banking System, which was under a regime of managed flexibility until the 1990’s, has then turned towards foreign markets in the post-1990’s, but this phenomenon has forced banks to hold open positions in their foreign currency accounts. In the meantime, the choice of government for resolving the long-lasting budget deficit problem by borrowing banks’ loanable funds has made incomes from marketable securities into the main driver of the profitability in the banking system; on the other hand, the fund holders heading towards the financial services sector due to the diminishing rate of returns in the industry have become a dominant industrial power by organizing as conglomerates, and caused the integration of the finance-capital with the industry-capital to be deepened by attempting to own a bank in order to both be protected from the overall risk of their industrial operations and to attract greater amounts of interests on debt securities. Ultimately, following economic and financial systemic fluctuations experienced especially in the (1998-2001) time interval, the neo-liberal period dated back to 1980 has ended up with serial bankruptcies, liquidations, defaults and financial restructurings in the banking industry.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Bankacılık Endüstrisinin Düzenlenmesi, Türk Bankacılığı’nda Kamusal ve Özel Dinamikler, Finansal Serbestleşme Sürecinin Türk Bankacılığı’na Yansımaları, Regulating the Banking Industry, Public and Private Dynamics in the Turkish Banking, Repercussions of the Financial Liberalization Process on the Turkish Banking
Kaynak
International Congress of Political, Economic and Financial Analysis
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Scopus Q Değeri
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Künye
Kandemir, Şenol, Kandemir, Canol.(2018).Türk bankacılığı’nın dönüşümü: 2001 krizi öncesi neoliberal dönemin geriye dönük finansal bir değerlendirmes.International Congress of Political, Economic and Financial Analysis,108-128.
