Environmental consequences of economic complexities in the EU amidst a booming tourism industry: Accounting for the role of brexit and other crisis events

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dc.authoridBekun, festus victor/0000-0003-4948-6905
dc.contributor.authorAdedoyin, Festus Fatai
dc.contributor.authorAgboola, Phillips O.
dc.contributor.authorOzturk, Ilhan
dc.contributor.authorBekun, Festus Victor
dc.contributor.authorAgboola, Mary Oluwatoyin
dc.date.accessioned2025-03-07T20:12:55Z
dc.date.available2025-03-07T20:12:55Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.departmentÇağ Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractThe European Union (EU) is one of the strongest, but most complex unions in the world with a competitive tourism industry. The aim of this study, therefore, is to account for economic complexity index (ECI), Brexit and other crisis episodes in the growth-energy-emissions nexus. Theoretically, the traditional Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) model is assessed by adopting a One-step System Generalized Method of Moment (Sys GMM) on data for 26 EU member states over the period from 1995 to 2018. For the first time, an EU-macro regional analysis is conducted with and without the UK. Empirical results reveal that an increase in tourism, real GDP per capita, and energy use across the four EU macro regions leads to increase in carbon emission. In some regions, it was observed that tourism, ECI, Brexit, and the Greece bailout have no significant impact on carbon emission. This suggests that the increase in international travel, complexity of the economy, and financial crisis do not accelerate environmental crisis in such regions. However, where such factors are statistically significant, Brexit and the Greece bailout crisis both heighten emissions. Particularly, when the UK is excluded, Brexit and the Greece bailout crisis increase and reduce emissions, respectively. The EKC hypothesis, however, holds in either scenario. Based on these empirical findings, vital policy directions are suggested for a post-Brexit EU-UK energy and environmental relations. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127117
dc.identifier.issn0959-6526
dc.identifier.issn1879-1786
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85105286980
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127117
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12507/2809
dc.identifier.volume305
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000655680400010
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier Sci Ltd
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Cleaner Production
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WoS_20241226
dc.subjectEconomic complexity index
dc.subjectBrexit
dc.subjectGreece Bailout crisis
dc.subjectCO2 emissions
dc.subjectEnvironmental sustainability
dc.subjectEnergy consumption
dc.subjectCarbon-reduction
dc.subjectEconomic growth
dc.titleEnvironmental consequences of economic complexities in the EU amidst a booming tourism industry: Accounting for the role of brexit and other crisis events
dc.typeArticle

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