Causal Relationships Among Tourism, International Trade, Pollution, and Economic Growth: Evidence from Central Asian Countries

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dc.authoridAzam Khan, Muhammad/0000-0001-7417-3981
dc.authoridOzturk, Ilhan/0000-0002-6521-0901
dc.contributor.authorAzam, Muhammad
dc.contributor.authorAhmad, Bilal
dc.contributor.authorOzturk, Ilhan
dc.date.accessioned2025-03-07T20:12:56Z
dc.date.available2025-03-07T20:12:56Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.departmentÇağ Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractThis study investigates the cointegration and causality among environmental quality (CO2 emissions), international trade, economic growth, and tourism of five Central Asian Republic States (CARS-5), namely Azerbaijan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, and Uzbekistan, for 1992-2018. To this end, we employed the Johansen cointegration approach, modified Wald tests, and the Toda & Yamamoto (1995) approach. The empirical results showed that the variables were cointegrated in the long run, and the Granger causality test results revealed the existence of causality in the series. Furthermore, the empirical results validated both the export-led and the tourism-led growth hypotheses for Tajikistan and Kazakhstan. These findings suggest that the CARS-5 should develop appropriate and prudent public policies to stimulate sustainable economic development.
dc.identifier.doi10.28992/ijsam.v5i1.284
dc.identifier.endpage44
dc.identifier.issn2597-6214
dc.identifier.issn2597-6222
dc.identifier.issue1
dc.identifier.startpage33
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.28992/ijsam.v5i1.284
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12507/2821
dc.identifier.volume5
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000819858500004
dc.identifier.wosqualityN/A
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherUniv Pasundan
dc.relation.ispartofIndonesian Journal of Sustainability Accounting and Management
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WoS_20241226
dc.subjectCentral Asian Republics
dc.subjecteconomic growth
dc.subjectenvironmental quality
dc.subjecttourism
dc.subjecttrade
dc.titleCausal Relationships Among Tourism, International Trade, Pollution, and Economic Growth: Evidence from Central Asian Countries
dc.typeArticle

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