Analysing Association in Environmental Pollution, Tourism and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from the Commonwealth of Independent States

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dc.authoridOzturk, Ilhan/0000-0002-6521-0901
dc.authoridAzam Khan, Muhammad/0000-0001-7417-3981
dc.contributor.authorKhan, Saqib
dc.contributor.authorAzam, Muhammad
dc.contributor.authorOzturk, Ilhan
dc.contributor.authorSaleem, Sardar Fawad
dc.date.accessioned2025-03-07T20:19:26Z
dc.date.available2025-03-07T20:19:26Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.departmentÇağ Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractClean and green environment along with sustainable development is the prime objective of every state. We explore empirically the nexus between tourism, environmental pollution measured by carbon (CO2) emissions, population, trade, foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth in six countries from the Commonwealth of Independent States over 1995-2018. Traditional panel estimation technique is employed, where the Hausman test suggests fixed-effects over random effect estimator. We also employed the robust least squares (RLS) estimator to confirm the empirical estimates. Results show that a 1% increase in CO2 will attenuate the economic growth by 0.14% and that 1% raise in the tourism activities can boost growth by 0.04%. Both the fixed-effect and RLS estimates reveal that tourism, population growth and trade contribute significantly to economic growth, whereas CO2 adversely affect growth. The Granger causality test shows a two-way causality between economic growth and CO2 and between growth and trade. Empirical results also indicate a one-way causality between growth and FDI, population and FDI, population and CO2 along with population growth and tourism. These findings suggest that adopting effective policies that can expand trade, enhance FDI and promote the tourism sector with minimum environmental damage will ultimately accelerate sustainable economic development.
dc.identifier.doi10.1177/00219096211058881
dc.identifier.endpage1561
dc.identifier.issn0021-9096
dc.identifier.issn1745-2538
dc.identifier.issue8
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85120498867
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2
dc.identifier.startpage1544
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1177/00219096211058881
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12507/3174
dc.identifier.volume57
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000725687200001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ3
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSage Publications Inc
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Asian and African Studies
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_WoS_20241226
dc.subjectCO2 emissions
dc.subjecttourism
dc.subjecteconomic growth
dc.titleAnalysing Association in Environmental Pollution, Tourism and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from the Commonwealth of Independent States
dc.typeArticle

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