Türk medeni kanunu kapsaminda ortak velayetin uygulanabilirliği
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2025
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Çağ Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
TMK’da evlilik birliği devam ettiği sürece ana baba tarafından ortak bir şekilde kullanılan velayetin, ayrılık, boşanma ya da evlilik dışı birlikte yaşama durumlarında ana babadan birine bırakılacağı düzenlenmiştir. Velayete ilişkin düzenlemelerin temelinde yer alan çocuğun üstün yararı ilkesi ışığında çocuk açısından son derece olumsuz sonuçlar doğurabilecek ayrılık olayının bu sonuçlarını bertaraf edebilecek ya da asgari düzeye indirebilecek bir çözüm önerisi olarak ortak velayet modeli geliştirilmiştir. Doktrinde TMK m. 336/3 ve m. 182/3 çerçevesinde ortak velayetin mümkün olup olmadığı konusunda farklı görüşler mevcuttur. Yargıtay içtihatlarında ortak velayetin kamu düzenine aykırı düştüğü sebebiyle kabul görmediği kararlar, AİHS Ek 7 No.lu Protokolün yürürlüğe girmesiyle ve Yargıtay 2. Hukuk Dairesi’nin 2016/15771 E. 2017/1737 K. sayılı kararı ile beraber, giderek yerini ortak velayetin Türk Hukuku açısından da mümkün olduğu yönündeki kararlara bırakmıştır. Ortak velayetin mümkün olduğunun görülmesi ortak velayete dair düzenlemelerin nasıl olması gerektiği sorusunu da beraberinde getirmiştir. Ülkemizin de taraf olduğu milletlerarası sözleşmelerde yer alan çeşitli hükümler ile teşvik edilen ortak velayet hakkında yargılamada ortak bir kanaat ve tekdüzeliğin oluşması için bir pozitif hukuk düzenlemesinin de olması gerektiği kuşkusuzdur.
Türk Medeni Kanunu Kapsamında Ortak Velayetin Uygulanabilirliği isimli üç bölümden oluşan çalışmamızın ilk bölümünde genel olarak velayet kavramı, velayetin hukuki niteliği, amacı, özellikleri, kapsamı, koşulları, konusu, velayete ilişkin ilkeler, velayetin değiştirilmesi, kaldırılması ve sonuçlarına değinilmiştir. İkinci bölümde tek başına velayetten ortak velayete geçiş sürecinden, ortak velayet kavramından, ortak velayetin tercih edilme ve ortak velayete karşı çıkılma sebeplerinden, bahsedilmiş, ortak velayete hükmedilmemesi gereken haller, ortak velayete hükmedildikten sonra ortaya çıkan uyuşmazlıkların çözümü ve sona erme halleri incelenmiştir. Son olarak çalışmamızın üçüncü bölümünde ise, ortak velayetin uluslararası düzenlemelerde nasıl yer aldığı ve bu çerçevede Türk Hukuku bakımından boşanmada ortak velayetin uygulanabilirliği ve tartışmaya neden olan hükümler yargı kararları kapsamında incelenmiştir.
In the Turkish Civil Code (TCC), it is stipulated that custody, which is jointly exercised by both parents during the continuation of the marital union, shall be granted to one of the parents in cases of separation, divorce, or cohabitation outside of marriage. In light of the principle of the best interests of the child—which forms the basis of custody regulations—the joint custody model has been developed as a potential solution that may either eliminate or minimize the adverse effects of parental separation on the child. Within the doctrine, there are differing opinions regarding the permissibility of joint custody under Articles 336(3) and 182(3) of the TCC. Although previous decisions of the Court of Cassation rejected the notion of joint custody on the grounds that it was contrary to public order, this stance has evolved—particularly following the entry into force of Protocol No. 7 of the European Convention on Human Rights and the decision of the 2nd Civil Chamber of the Court of Cassation (Case No. 2016/15771, Decision No. 2017/1737). These developments have paved the way for the recognition of joint custody as a legally viable arrangement under Turkish law. The acknowledgment of the possibility of joint custody has, in turn, raised the question of how such an arrangement should be regulated. It is undoubtedly necessary to establish a positive legal framework in order to achieve consistency and consensus in judicial practice concerning joint custody, especially in view of the provisions of various international conventions to which Turkey is a party, which promote such custody arrangements. In the first chapter of this study, titled The Applicability of Joint Custody Within the Scope of the Turkish Civil Code, which is structured into three main sections, the concept of custody is examined in general terms, including its legal nature, purpose, characteristics, scope, conditions, subject matter, the underlying principles, as well as the modification, termination, and legal consequences of custody. The second chapter addresses the transition from sole custody to joint custody, explores the concept of joint custody itself, discusses the reasons for preferring or opposing joint custody, examines situations in which joint custody should not be granted, and analyzes the resolution of disputes arising after the establishment of joint custody, as well as the conditions under which it may be terminated. Lastly, the third chapter focuses on how joint custody is regulated in international instruments and evaluates the applicability of joint custody in divorce cases under Turkish law, together with the contentious provisions as interpreted in judicial decisions.
In the Turkish Civil Code (TCC), it is stipulated that custody, which is jointly exercised by both parents during the continuation of the marital union, shall be granted to one of the parents in cases of separation, divorce, or cohabitation outside of marriage. In light of the principle of the best interests of the child—which forms the basis of custody regulations—the joint custody model has been developed as a potential solution that may either eliminate or minimize the adverse effects of parental separation on the child. Within the doctrine, there are differing opinions regarding the permissibility of joint custody under Articles 336(3) and 182(3) of the TCC. Although previous decisions of the Court of Cassation rejected the notion of joint custody on the grounds that it was contrary to public order, this stance has evolved—particularly following the entry into force of Protocol No. 7 of the European Convention on Human Rights and the decision of the 2nd Civil Chamber of the Court of Cassation (Case No. 2016/15771, Decision No. 2017/1737). These developments have paved the way for the recognition of joint custody as a legally viable arrangement under Turkish law. The acknowledgment of the possibility of joint custody has, in turn, raised the question of how such an arrangement should be regulated. It is undoubtedly necessary to establish a positive legal framework in order to achieve consistency and consensus in judicial practice concerning joint custody, especially in view of the provisions of various international conventions to which Turkey is a party, which promote such custody arrangements. In the first chapter of this study, titled The Applicability of Joint Custody Within the Scope of the Turkish Civil Code, which is structured into three main sections, the concept of custody is examined in general terms, including its legal nature, purpose, characteristics, scope, conditions, subject matter, the underlying principles, as well as the modification, termination, and legal consequences of custody. The second chapter addresses the transition from sole custody to joint custody, explores the concept of joint custody itself, discusses the reasons for preferring or opposing joint custody, examines situations in which joint custody should not be granted, and analyzes the resolution of disputes arising after the establishment of joint custody, as well as the conditions under which it may be terminated. Lastly, the third chapter focuses on how joint custody is regulated in international instruments and evaluates the applicability of joint custody in divorce cases under Turkish law, together with the contentious provisions as interpreted in judicial decisions.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Boşanma, çocuk, tek başına velayet, ortak velayet, çocuğun üstün yararı, Divorce, child, sole custody, joint custody, the best interests of the child
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Sarıçam Bakar, S. (2025). Türk medeni kanunu kapsaminda ortak velayetin uygulanabilirliği . (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Çağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Özel Hukuk Bölümü Ana Bilim Dalı, Mersin.
