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Öğe An examination of Fisher effect for selected new EU member states(Econjournals, 2014) Ucak, Harun; Öztürk, İlhan; Aslan, AlperThe relationship between interest rates and inflation which is called Fisher effect has been investigated in both theoretical and empirical economics in vast literature. The contribution of this paper to the literature is to test the Fisher effect for the selected four transition economies that are also new EU member states. The empirical analysis is conducted by allowing for a structural break that takes place in year 2004. In this study, a case-wise bootstrap approach empirical method which developed by Hatemi-J and Hacker (2005) is used and the results support a tax adjusted Fisher effect in the presence of a structural break.Öğe Are fluctuations in energy consumption per capita transitory? Evidence from Turkey(MULTI-SCIENCE PUBL CO LTD, 2011) Öztürk, İlhan; Aslan, AlperThe aim of this study is to test the unit root null hypothesis for energy consumption variables in Turkey. We consider the integrational properties of energy consumption for seven sectors during 1970-2006 period. When we apply the LM univariate test without break, we find a unit root in energy consumption for industrial, transportation, agriculture, non-energy field, final energy consumption and circuit and energy sectors. Thus, shocks to energy consumption have a permanent effect on these sectors. However, when we apply one break LM unit root test for each sector we find that all disaggregate energy sectors are stationary, which means that shocks to energy consumption have transitory effects. Generally, except for residential energy consumption, we find strong support that shocks to energy consumption have a permanent effect on energy consumption in Turkey. However, by allowing break, the null hypothesis of a unit root is also rejected for other energy consumption cases where shocks are transitory in nature.Öğe Coal consumption and economic growth in Turkey(2013) Öcal, Oğuz; Öztürk, İlhan; Aslan, AlperThis aim of this paper is to use asymmetric causality tests to examine the coal consumption and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) relationship in Turkey based on data from 1980 to 2006. To investigate this relationship, a multivariate system is employed by including fixed capital formation and labor force variables into the model. The empirical results obtained from asymmetric causality tests show no causality for coal consumption and GDP relationship in Turkey. The results indicate that coal consumption does not affect growth; hence, energy conservation policies may be pursued without adversely affecting growth in Turkey. Thus, neutrality hypothesis is confirmed for Turkey. This means that a decrease in coal consumption does not affect economic growth and vice versa. In this case, policymakers should explore the feasibility of either decreasing the coal consumption or increasing the efficiency of coal consumption.Öğe Coal consumption and industrial production nexus in USA: Cointegration with two unknown structural breaks and causality approaches(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2012) Yildirim, Ertugrul; Aslan, Alper; Öztürk, İlhanThe paper investigates the causality relationships among industrial production index, coal consumption and employment in industrial sector for the period of 1973:1-2011:10 in USA. After noticing that there are breaks in the regression model, the Hatemi-J test for cointegration is employed to the cases that take into account two possible regime shifts. It is concluded that there is a long run relationship between industrial production and industrial coal consumption with the breaks at 1983:4 and 1998:4. We found a negative relationship between coal consumption and industrial production for the period of 1973:1-1983:4 and positive relationship for 1983:5-1998:4 period. For the last period that covers 1983:5-2011:10, the cointegration relationship turned to negative. In addition, the results show that causal relationship between coal consumption and industrial production changes over time.Öğe Energy consumption and economic growth relationship: Evidence from panel data for low and middle income countries(ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2010) Öztürk, İlhan; Aslan, Alper; Kalyoncu, HüseyinThis paper uses the panel data of energy consumption (EC) and economic growth (GDP) for 51 countries from 1971 to 2005. These countries are divided into three groups: low income group, lower middle income group and upper middle income group countries. Firstly, a relationship between energy consumption and economic growth is investigated by employing Pedroni (1999) panel cointegration method. Secondly, panel causality test is applied to investigate the way of causality between the energy consumption and economic growth. Finally, we test whether there is a strong or weak relationship between these variables by using Pedroni (2001) method. The empirical results of this study are as follows: i) Energy consumption and GDP are cointegrated for all three income group countries. ii) The panel causality test results reveal that there is long-run Granger causality running from GDP to EC for low income countries and there is bidirectional causality between EC and GDP for middle income countries. iii) The estimated cointegration factor, 13, is not close to 1. In other words, no strong relation is found between energy consumption and economic growth for all income groups considered in this study. The findings of this study have important policy implications and it shows that this issue still deserves further attention in future research.Öğe Energy consumptıon and gdp ın asean countrıes: bootstrap-corrected panel and tıme serıes causalıty tests(World Scıentıfıc Publ Co pte Ltd,, 2014) Yildirim, Ertugrul; Aslan, Alper; Öztürk, İlhanThis study reexamines the relationship between energy consumption per capita and real GDP per capita for Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand using both panel data causality which is taking into account cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity among the countries and time series causality tests for the period 1971-2009. The findings indicate that taking into account cross-sectional dependence has a substantial effect on the achieved results. The conservation hypothesis is supported for Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. Although a bidirectional relation is found in the case of Thailand, since there is no positive effect of energy consumption on GDP, the conservation hypothesis is supported. In the pattern of Singapore, the neutrality hypothesis is supported. In addition, the increase in investment and labor force lead to more energy consumption in Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand.Öğe Investigating the nexus between CO2 emissions, economic growth, energy consumption and pilgrimage tourism in Saudi Arabia(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Ozturk, Ilhan; Aslan, Alper; Altinoz, BuketEvery year millions of Muslims go to Saudi Arabia to fulfil pilgrimage worship, thus Saudi Arabia is such a religious centre brings with it various consequences. In this context, this paper investigates the nexus between CO2 emissions, economic growth, energy consumption and pilgrimage tourism in Saudi Arabia for the period of 1968-2017. The dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) and fully-modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) methods are employed in this study. FMOLS results prove that energy consumption, number of pilgrims and oil prices have a positive effect on CO2 emissions and GDP has a negative effect on it, while DOLS results imply that only energy consumption has a positive effect on carbon emissions. In addition, there is unidirectional causality from CO2 to pilgrimage tourism and from pilgrimage tourism to oil, and there is bidirectional causality between pilgrimage tourism and GDP. Therefore, the environmental cost of pilgrimage tourism is inevitable. Reflections of pilgrimage visits to Saudi Arabia as a belief tourism are dealt with for the first time in this paper. In addition, our more specific purpose is to determine the environmental impacts of Muslims performing the pilgrimage, during their religious worship.Öğe Is per capita electricity consumption stationary? Time series evidence from OECD countries(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2012) Kula, Ferit; Aslan, Alper; Öztürk, İlhanThis study examines the stationary properties of per capita electricity consumption in which the endogenously determined break points are incorporated in 23 high income OECD countries by using annual data over 1960-2005 period. We utilize Lagrange Multiplier (LM) unit root test that endogenously determines structural breaks in level and/or trend. We find that 21 country series reject the unit root null hypothesis at the 5% significance level, except for 2 country series. Thus, our empirical findings provide significant evidence that per capita electricity consumption is stationary in almost all countries considered in the study. The stationarity of per capita electricity consumption indicates that it should be possible for the series to forecast future movements in the energy consumption based on the past behaviors of the series. Important policy implications emerge from our empirical results of the unit root test with multiple structural breaks.Öğe Renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and economic growth relationship revisited: Evidence from G7 countries(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2012) Tugcu, Can Tansel; Öztürk, İlhan; Aslan, AlperThe aim of this study is to investigate the long-run and causal relationships between renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and economic growth by using classical and augmented production functions, and making a comparison between renewable and non-renewable energy sources in order to determine which type of energy consumption is more important for economic growth in G7 countries for 1980-2009 period. Autoregressive Distributed Lag approach to cointegration was employed for this purpose. Also, causality among energy consumption and economic growth was investigated by employing a recently developed causality test by Hatemi-J (2012). The long-run estimates showed that either renewable or non-renewable energy consumption matters for economic growth and augmented production function is more effective on explaining the considered relationship. On the other hand, although bidirectional causality is found for all countries in case of classical production function, mixed results are found for each country when the production function is augmented.Öğe Renewable energy and economic growth relationship under the oil reserve ownership: Evidence from panel VAR approach(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2022) Aslan, Alper; Ocal, Oguz; Ozsolak, Baki; Ozturk, IlhanThis study aims to explore the relationship among economic growth, CO2 emissions, fossil fuels consumption, renewable energy consumption, foreign direct investments, and trade by taking into account countries with oil reserves (export groups) and countries without oil reserves (import group). The factors affecting CO2 emissions in countries with and without oil production have been investigated by using Panel VAR (PVAR) and Granger causality methods for the period of 1990-2015. In both country groups, growth positively affects CO2 emissions. While there is a negative relationship between CO2 emission and foreign direct investments in the oil importing country group, there is a positive relationship between CO2 and trade in the oil-exporting group. PVAR analysis results illustrate that the growth hypothesis is valid in both groups of countries. In addition, when both country group examined, the countries sacrifice their national income to reduce carbon emissions, which makes it difficult to reduce emissions in the world. According to the variance decomposition results, while the CO2 variable defines itself as 98% for oil importing countries, the second important variable that pollutes the air is GDP. In addition, the variables FDI, REN and FOSSIL affect air pollution by 4% over a 10-year period.(c) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Türkiye'de Genel Kolluk Teşkilatlarına Yönelik Olarak Uygulanan Bütçe Politikalarının Hizmet Etkinliğine Yansıması: Jandarma Örneği(Çağ Üniversitesi, 2021) Yiğit, Yüksel; Aslan, AlperBu çalışmada, Jandarma Genel Komutanlığının 2009-2018 yılları arasındaki narkotik ve psikotrop madde yakalamaları, asayiş olay ve kriminal olay verileri ile Jandarma Teşkilatının bu yıllar içindeki nihai bütçesi baz alınarak ekonometrik analizler yapılmakta ve bütçe ile Jandarma Teşkilatı performansı arasında neden-sonuç ilişkisi incelenmektedir. “Panel ARDL Analizi” sonucunda, Jandarma Genel Komutanlığı nihai bütçesi %1 artırıldığında uzun dönemde narkotik ve psikotrop madde yakalamalarında %2,05, kısa dönemde ise %1,65 artış olduğu, uzun dönemde asayiş olaylarına müdahalesinde %0,45 artış olduğu görülmüş, fakat kısa dönemde söz konusu değişkenler arasında benzer bir korelasyon görülmemiştir. 2009-2018 yılları arasındaki bütçe artışının Jandarma Genel Komutanlığının hizmet etkinliğine ve başarısına katkı sağladığı değerlendirilmektedir. Sonuç olarak, Jandarma Genel Komutanlığının başarısında bütçe artışının yanı sıra modern teçhizat kullanımı, kritik kadrolara personel alımında liyakat esasının gözetilmesi hususları ile bu doğrultuda uygulanan hükümet politikaları ve İçişleri Bakanlığının özel gayretleri belirleyici olmuştur.
