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    Cross-cultural examination of emotional expressivity, beliefs about emotions, and depression of university students
    (2018) Huseyinzade Simsek, Anjelika; Direktor, Cemaliye; Okumuşoğlu, Sultan; Okray, Zihniye
    This study investigates the cross-cultural differences between emotional expressivity, beliefs about emotions, and depression levels among university students from different continents, namely, Africa and Asia. Participants (n=114; n=88, Africa and n=26, Asia) were English speaking students of European University of Lefke studying at different faculties (Social Sciences, Engineering, Health, and Agriculture). They completed Beliefs about Emotions Scale (BES), Berkeley Expressivity Questionnaire (BEQ), and The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-R). Findings suggested that Asian students’ CESD-R sadness and suicidal ideation subscale scores, as well as BEQ positive expressivity scores, have been found higher than the scores of African students. Female students differed with significantly higher scores than males of CESD-R guilt subscale and BEQ impulse strength subscale score. Further, a significant difference between CESD-R scores according to class was obtained as well, junior students had higher scores than senior students. CESD-R total scores indicate that Health Faculty students’ scores are higher than the scores of Engineering Faculty students. As a result, Asian students found to be more prone to sadness than African students.
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    Social network site usage among adults: social networking status and virtual loneliness
    (2018) Huseyinzade Simsek, Anjelika; Okray, Zihniye; Direktor, Cemaliye
    This study examined the relationship between being members of social network sites (SNS) and the reasons for their use among individuals who are between 20-66 years of age. Social networking status and virtual loneliness are examined according to reasons for using SNS of participants. Researcher did a web-based questionnaire upon Facebook (FB) and reached a volunteer group of FB users and gave Social Networking Status Scale ( SNSS) and Virtual Loneliness Scale (VELS) in order to measure participants networking status and virtual loneliness according to socio-demographical variables. SNSS, gender, and age are the strongest predictors of virtual loneliness. Also, male participants, SNSS scores are significantly higher than female participants which indicates that male participants are more dependent on SNS. When time spent online increases individuals get convergence to usual habits in the virtual world. Individuals SNS usage habits effects their normal lives and make them escape to the virtual world.
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    Toxic Leadership: Systematic Review Based on Studies Made in Turkey
    (İstanbul Üniversitesi, 2020) Okray, Zihniye; Şimşek, Anjelika Hüseyinzade
    The aim of this paper was to investigate the Turkish literature on Toxic Leadership over the period of 2000-2019. 26 studies on Toxic Leadership were obtained and 21 studies were evaluated in accordance with the inclusion criteria. All publications were examined under four main headings. These; destructive leadership, abusive leadership, toxic leadership and measurement tools for destructive, toxic and abusive leadership. In the studies conducted on toxic leadership, most important variables, the measurement tools used, and the organizational factors related to toxic leadership are categorized according to the concepts and sample groups. As a result, toxic leadership perception decrease occupational burnout, negative emotional state, loafing behavior, intention and tendency to leave the workplace, job stress, need for the leader; and increase organizational trust, organizational commitment, job satisfaction, personal sense of accomplishment and job commitment. Female employees, single employees, employees who have less than 10 years of working experience, and private sector employees have a higher perception of toxic leadership. In Turkey, as in the world toxic leadership of the organization perceived as a significant negative factor. Scientific evidence on the importance and dimensions of this problem has been attained through the censoring of the studies on the subject.