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    Association of cancer response styles and alexithymia with posttraumatic growth in breast cancer patients
    (Kare Publ, 2021) Cakmak, Soner; Cincin, Melisa; Avci, Ufuk Kocatepe
    Objective: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common types of cancer seen in women. Many studies have been conducted to examine negative changes observed in patients diagnosed with BC. However, the traumatic experience of a cancer diagnosis can also have positive consequences, including post-traumatic growth (PTG), a positive life change that develops following a stressful experience. This study was an investigation of the relationship between PTG seen in female BC patients, cancer response style, and alexithymia, the inability to recognize and express one's emotions. Method: A total of 89 female patients who were diagnosed with BC and receiving treatment were enrolled in the study. The Mental Adjustment to Cancer scale, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PGTI) were administered to the participants. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analyses and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to assess the relationships between normally distributed variables. Results: There was a significant, positive relationship between the fighting spirit reaction style and the PTGI total score (r=0.49; p<0.001), and a significant, negative relationship between the helplessness-hopelessness reaction style and the PTGI total score (r=-0.46; p<0.001). Multiple regression analyses revealed that education level (years) was associated with PTG (beta=1.13; t[82]=2.31; p=0.02) (F[6, 82=1.47]; p=0.2; R-2 =0.10), and the subfactors of changes in philosophy of life (CPL) (beta=0.59; t[82]=3.28; p=0.002) and changes in self-perception (CSP) (beta=0.54; t[82]=2.21; p=0.03); and the length of time since diagnosis was associated with CPL (beta=3.91; t[82]=2.37; p=0.02). SEM analysis showed that a fighting spirit response style to cancer partially mediated the relationship between alexithymia and PTG (chi(2) [12, n=89]=14.24; p=0.29; chi(2)/df=1.19; root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA]=0.05; comparative fit index [CFI]=0.99; incremental fit index [IFI]=0.99; normed fit index [NFI]=0.93). The other cancer response styles did not have a mediating effect on the relationship between alexithymia and PTG. Conclusion: Alexithymia is an important consideration in BC patients. Promoting a fighting spirit response in BC patients, and particularly alexithymic patients, could contribute to the development of PTG.
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    Attitude and behavioral differences regarding their children's social appearance according to the social appearance anxiety levels of the parents
    (Cukurova Univ, Fac Medicine, 2022) Gumu, Mahmut; Kale, Mustafa; Cakmak, Soner
    Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the attitudes and behaviors of parents with high and low social appearance anxiety levels regarding their children's social appearance. Materials and Methods: In this study, a holistic multiple case study, one of the qualitative research methods, was used. The participants of the research are 16 parents who have a child in the preschool period living in Yuregir district of Adana province. The outlier sampling method was used to determine the participants. In the study, Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SSAS) was used and applied to 100 participants to determine the social appearance anxiety levels of parents. The data obtained were analyzed with the IBM SPSS 25 program, and a total of 16 parents, eight of whom had the highest and the lowest scores, were determined. Interviews were conducted with the parents using the semi-structured interview form created by the researcher. The interviews were made with audio recordings and the audio recordings were converted into texts and the texts were subjected to content analysis. Results: The highest SSAS score in the participant group was 66, the lowest was 24, and the mean score was 35.71 +/- 9.98. The mean age of parents with low SSAS scores is 34.75 +/- 5.57. The mean age of parents with high SSAS scores is 31.62 +/- 2.38. Differences were determined in the opinions of the parents about their children's social appearance, their expectations for their children's bodies, and the ideal child body definitions according to the SSAS score levels of the parents. Parents with high SSAS scores made more definitions of aesthetic appearance. In addition, it was observed that the children of parents with high SSAS scores had incompatible definitions with Body Mass Index (BMI). On the contrary, it was understood that parents with low SSAS scores do not idealize their children's bodies. In the interventions of parents with low and high SSAS scores on their children's social appearance; Differences were also found in physical activities, clothing preferences and physical appearance practices. Conclusion: While parents with low SSAS scores do not idealize their children's body, it is seen that parents with high SSAS scores make definitions regarding aesthetic appearance. In addition, it was observed that the children of parents with high SSAS scores had definitions that were incompatible with BMI. According to study, parents with high SSAS scores interfere more with their children's body appearance. They show more attitudes and behaviors in the form of eating restrictions, encouragement to action, and comparison with their peers.
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    Do Correlations Between Mindfulness Components and Rumination in Student Athletes Support Mindfulness Training to Reduce Rumination?
    (Sage Publications Inc, 2021) Tingaz, Emre Ozan; Cakmak, Soner
    In the present study, we examined the relationship between mindfulness and rumination among student-athletes. Ninety-seven young adult student-athletes (38.1% female, 61.9% male; M-age = 22.52, SD = 3.53) completed both the Mindfulness Inventory for Sport and the Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire. Among these participants, we observed a significant positive correlation between rumination and the awareness sub-dimension of mindfulness. We also observed significant negative correlations between rumination and two scores from the Mindfulness Inventory for Sport: non-judgment and overall mindfulness. Awareness, non-judgment, and mindfulness were all significant predictors of rumination in a linear regression analysis. While these are correlational data that do not permit causal inferences, these findings raise the possibility, in this population, that awareness triggers ruminative thoughts and overall mindfulness might represent a coping tool for rumination. Further research is needed to test this possibility.