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    The nexus between environmental performance and economic growth: New evidence from the Middle East and North Africa region
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2022) Sheikhzeinoddin, Azar; Tarazkar, Mohammad Hassan; Behjat, Amirmohsen; Al-mulali, Usama; Ozturk, Ilhan
    Due to the importance of the environmental impacts of human activities on sustainable growth, the effect of environmental performance on economic growth was investigated for the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries from 2000 to 2015. Therefore, the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis is investigated using a Composite Index of Environmental Performance (CIEP) and Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (Panel ARDL) approach. The CIEP model is based on the Driving Force-Pressure-State-Exposure-Effects-Action (DPSEEA) framework and is generated by 19 indicators. The results of this study showed that the driving forces and pressure have negative impacts on environmental performance, thereby reducing the number of available re-sources. In addition, the results revealed that actions increase life expectancy while reducing the mortality rate and environmental impact. The average CIEP revealed that among MENA countries, Iran (-0.226), Algeria (-0.168), and Yemen (-0.134) had the lowest amounts, while Emirate (0.036), Kuwait (0.036), and Qatar (0.033) had the highest values. The results of the panel data model revealed a cubic polynomial correlation and an N-shaped pattern between economic growth and CIEP. Therefore, MENA countries must pay attention to sustainable development to preserve the environment.