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    Testing environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis in Asian countries
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2015) Apergis, Nicholas; Öztürk, İlhan
    The aim of this study is to test the Environmental Kuznet Curve (EKC) hypothesis for 14 Asian countries spanning the period 1990-2011. We focused on how both income and policies in these countries affect the income-emissions (environment) relationship. The GMM methodology using panel data is employed in a multivariate framework to test the EKC hypothesis. The multivariate framework includes: CO2 emissions, GDP per capita, population density, land, industry shares in GDP, and four indicators that measure the quality of institutions. In terms of the presence of an inverted U-shape association between emissions and income per capita, the estimates have the expected signs and are statistically significant, yielding empirical support to the presence of an Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis..