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    Do technological innovations have symmetric or asymmetric effects on environmental quality? Evidence from Pakistan
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2021) Ullah, Sana; Ozturk, Ilhan; Majeed, Muhammad Tariq; Ahmad, Waheed
    Technological innovation has played an important role in the socio-economic development of societies but, this development has come with some potential hazards to the environment. To do so, we use annual time series data over the period 1990-2018 to measure the symmetric and asymmetric effects of technology innovation on carbon emissions for Pakistan. In estimates of linear ARDL model, we found patent (trademark) has negative (positive) short-run symmetric effects on carbon emissions that have been changed into the long-run symmetric insignificant effects in Pakistan. However, when we employed a nonlinear ARDL model, we found the positive and negative shock of the patent has insignificant short-run asymmetric effects while the positive shock of the trademark has an insignificant and negative shock of the trademark has negative significant effects on carbon emissions in the short run. Our findings have been changed into the long-run asymmetric effects in Pakistan. Overall, the results show that asymmetric effects exist between technology innovation and carbon emissions in the long run. Therefore, this empirical research is applicable to policymakers in Pakistan as well as developing economies.
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    Does inflation instability affect environmental pollution? Fresh evidence from Asian economies
    (Sage Publications Ltd, 2021) Ahmad, Waheed; Ullah, Sana; Ozturk, Ilhan; Majeed, Muhammad Tariq
    The present study examines the linkage between inflation instability and pollution emissions for the 40 Asian economies over the period of 1990-2018. However, a limited number of researches investigate the linkage between inflation instability and the environment. For empirical analysis, econometric methods namely cross-sectional test statistics for examining the dependency, cross-sectionally augmented Dickey-Fuller (CADF) and cross-sectional Im, Pesaran, and Shin (CIPS) for the panel unit root, Westerlund technique for the long-run relationship, and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) to estimate the long-run coefficients have adopted. Additionally, the Dumitrescu and Hurlin panel causality test is applied to investigate the causal nexus among the panel data series. The empirical finding depicts that inflation instability improves environmental performance implying that higher price volatility creates uncertainty that discourages investment projects and consumption, hence improves environmental quality. However, the results indicate that financial development stimulates pollution emissions and degrades environmental condition. Based on these findings, the study opens up innovative intuitions for policymakers to support a robust role of economic stability in attaining targets relevant to pollution reduction.
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    How do remittances affect environmental sustainability in Pakistan? Evidence from NARDL approach
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2022) Ahmad, Waheed; Ozturk, Ilhan; Majeed, Muhammad Tariq
    The inflow of remittances shows a significant impact on contributing to the output growth of the economy; it has a multidimensional impact on output growth and also a linkage with carbon dioxide emissions oCO(2) e thorn . The present study examines the symmetric or asymmetric impact of remittances on CO2 e for the period of 1980-2018 in the context of Pakistan. The Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) and nonlinear ARDL estimation techniques have been used to depict the long run symmetric or asymmetric nexus in the short and long run between remittances (REM) and CO2 e. The nonlinear ARDL finding suggests that positive shock of remittances contributes to pollution emissions while the negative shock of remittances mitigates the pollution both in the short and long run. Besides, the empirical results indicate that the positive shock of REM has a higher impact in comparison with the negative shock of REM. The finding recommends that policymakers in Pakistan may consider REM as policy instruments specially to make policies and strategies which are related to sustainable environmental performance in the long run. (C)& nbsp;2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.