Ahmed, KhalidOzturk, IlhanGhumro, Ikhtiar AliMukesh, Pirih2025-03-072025-03-0720240944-1344https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-35376-2https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12507/2547The Publisher has retracted this article in agreement with the Editor-in-Chief. An investigation by the publisher found a number of articles, including this one, with a number of concerns, including but not limited to compromised peer review process, inappropriate or irrelevant references, containing nonstandard phrases or not being in scope of the journal. Based on the investigation's findings the publisher, in consultation with the Editor-in-Chief therefore no longer has confidence in the results and conclusions of this article. Author Khalid Ahmed stated on behalf of all authors that they disagree with the retraction. © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessErratum3151613412-s2.0-852070087403943363610.1007/s11356-024-35376-2Q1