Çağ Üniversitesi Kurumsal Akademik Arşivi
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Güncel Gönderiler
Multidimensional trade performance assessment for integrating sustainability and economic diversification in OECD countries using a spherical fuzzy SIWEC-SPC-based decision support model
(ELSEVIER, 2025) Yalçın, Galip Cihan; Kara, Karahan; Özekenci, Emre Kadir; Simic, Vladimir; Pamucar, Dragan
Countries participate in regional trade blocks to enhance their trade activities and trade performance. This study proposes a novel approach to trade performance assessment, introducing innovations both in terms of performance parameters and methodology. From a performance parameter perspective, the inclusion of sustainable development and economic diversity levels in trade performance evaluation differentiates this study from traditional trade performance measurement approaches. From a methodological perspective, a hybrid model that simultaneously considers both subjective and objective criterion weighting based on expert opinions is introduced. The spherical fuzzy (SF)-simple weight calculation (SIWEC)-symmetry point of criterion (SPC)-opportunity losses-based polar coordinate distance (OPLO-POCOD) model, developed as a decision support system, is proposed for evaluating the trade performance of country blocs. SF-SIWEC is employed as the subjective criterion weighting method, while SPC serves as the objective criterion weighting method. The OPLO-POCOD alternative ranking method is employed to calculate the trade performance of countries. The proposed methodology is applied to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. According to the subjective weighting method, "sustainable development (0.0978)" emerges as the most important criterion, whereas in the objective weighting method, "number of product types (export) (0.1612)" is identified as the most significant one. In the final criterion weights, "number of product types (export) (0.1232)" is also determined to be the most important criterion. Considering the final criterion weights, the United States (0.9871) has the highest trade performance among the OECD countries. Thus, when both sustainability and economic diversification are considered, it is understood that the most influential criteria in determining multidimensional trade performance are the number of exported product types and sustainable development. From this perspective, the United States stands out as the country with the highest multidimensional trade performance among OECD countries. This study contributes to the literature by integrating sustainability and economic diversification parameters into trade performance measurement as well as proposing a comprehensive methodology for performance evaluation in trade blocs.
Metaverse Perception Scale Development and Validation
(SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC, 2025) Aslan, Mustafa; Sağtaş, Saadet; Özkaynar, Kürşad
The metaverse, perceived as the next phase of the Internet, promises to transcend mere upgrades by integrating transformative technologies such as artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and blockchain, which form the foundations of its structure. However, the absence of a standardized scale to assess perceptions of the metaverse poses a considerable limitation to studies in social science on this topic. This study developed a measurement tool that can be used in social science investigations to address this gap. Working with experts in the field, we created a pool of items encompassing six dimensions and 67 items. Exploratory factor analysis examined the data collected from 209 participants, and the confirmatory factor analysis assessed data from 247 participants. The proposed scale comprises 25 statements and six dimensions: (i) anxiety, (ii) education, (iii) entertainment, (iv) psychosocial effect, (v) knowledge-sharing, and (vi) business.
A HYBRID MPSI-EXTENDED AROMAN DECISION-MAKING MODEL FOR ASSESSING GREEN LOGISTICS PERFORMANCE: THE CASE OF ASIA-PACIFIC COUNTRIES
(POZNAN SCH LOGISTICS, 2025) Özekenci, Emre Kadir
Background: This study examines the green logistics performance of Asia-Pacific countries (Australia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam) using nine criteria: climate change, environmental health, ecosystem vitality, customs, infrastructure, international shipments, logistics competences and quality, timeliness, and tracking and tracing. The criteria were determined based on a literature review. Data were obtained from Logistics Performance Index (LPI) and Environmental Performance Index (EPI) reports. Methods: This study combines the Modified Preference Selection Index (MPSI) and the Extended Alternative Ranking Order Method Accounting for the Two-Step Normalization (AROMAN) model to assess the green logistics performance of Asia-Pacific countries. The criteria weights were calculated using the MPSI method, while countries' green logistics performance was evaluated using the Extended AROMAN method. Results: The MPSI results show that environmental health, climate change, and infrastructure are the most important criteria, while tracking and tracing, international shipments, and timeliness are the least important. The Extended AROMAN results show that Japan, Australia, Singapore, New Zealand, and South Korea have the highest green logistics performance. In contrast, Indonesia, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Cambodia, and Laos have the lowest green logistics performance. Sensitivity and comparative analysis were conducted to assess the robustness of the results. Conclusion: This study presents a decision support system tailored to help the private sector, policymakers, and various stakeholders assess and improve nations' logistics performance, with a strong emphasis on green logistics. This model is a vital tool for analyzing key logistics metrics, promoting sustainable practices, and enabling informed decision-making to advance environmental responsibility and efficiency within logistics operations.
The Impact of Energy Intensity, Renewable Energy, and Financial Development on Green Growth in OECD Countries: Fresh Evidence Under Environmental Policy Stringency
(MDPI, 2025) Nur, Tuğba; Topaloğlu, Emre Esat; Özekenci, Süreyya Yılmaz; Koycu, Erol
This study examines the impact of financial development, renewable energy, energy intensity, and stringent environmental policies on green growth in twenty-three Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries from 2000 to 2023. Additionally, it examines how stringent environmental policies moderate the link between financial development and green growth. Economic complexity, trade openness, and green technology variables are also included in the model as control variables. The index is constructed using economic growth, education, health, CO2 emissions, net forest, and mineral components for green growth, the main variable explained in the research. The Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares method is applied to estimate elasticity coefficients in the study. The findings show that financial development and energy intensity have a negative impact on green growth, whereas strict environmental policies and renewable energy support green growth. Moreover, the interaction between financial development and stringent environmental policies promotes green growth. At the same time, the control variables of trade openness and economic complexity have a negative impact on green growth, while green technology makes a positive contribution. Furthermore, financial development and energy intensity have the most significant quantitative impact on green growth, while trade openness and stringent environmental policies have the least impact. In line with these findings, environmentally friendly financial instruments and green investments should be supported instead of directing financial resources only to industry-intensive sectors in Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries. In this context, implementing energy efficiency policies and increasing incentives for renewable energy are of great importance.
Turkiye's Carbon Emission Profile: A Global Analysis with the MEREC-PROMETHEE Hybrid Method
(MDPI, 2025) Pelit, İrem; Avşar, İlker İbrahim
This study conducts a comparative evaluation of Turkiye's carbon emission profile from both sectoral and global perspectives. Utilizing 2022 data from 76 countries, it applies two widely recognized multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods: MEREC, for determining objective weights of criteria, and PROMETHEE II, for ranking countries based on these criteria. All data used in the analysis were obtained from the World Bank, a globally recognized and credible statistical source. The study evaluates seven criteria, including carbon emissions from the energy, transport, industry, and residential sectors, along with GDP-related indicators. The results indicate that Turkiye's carbon emissions, particularly from industry, transport, and energy, are substantially higher than the global average. Moreover, countries with higher levels of industrialization generally rank lower in environmental performance, highlighting a direct relationship between industrial activity and increased carbon emissions. According to PROMETHEE II rankings, Turkiye falls into the lower-middle tier among the assessed countries. In light of these findings, the study suggests that Turkiye should implement targeted, sector-specific policy measures to reduce emissions. The research aims to provide policymakers with a structured, data-driven framework that aligns with the country's broader sustainable development goals. MEREC was selected for its ability to produce unbiased criterion weights, while PROMETHEE II was chosen for its capacity to deliver clear and meaningful comparative rankings, making both methods highly suitable for evaluating environmental performance. This study also offers a broader analysis of how selected countries compare in terms of their carbon emissions. As carbon emissions remain one of the most pressing environmental challenges in the context of global warming and climate change, ranking countries based on emission levels serves both to support scientific inquiry and to increase international awareness. By relying on recent 2022 data, the study offers a timely snapshot of the global carbon emission landscape. Alongside its contribution to public awareness, the findings are expected to support policymakers in developing effective environmental strategies. Ultimately, this research contributes to the academic literature and lays a foundation for more sustainable environmental policy development.
